Human Physiology - Cell structure and function
This attachment of a phosphate group to the carrier molecule causes a conformational change in (or a change in the shape of ) the protein so that a channel opens between the inside and outside of the cell membrane. Then, on the inside of the cell, ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) binds to another site on the carrier and phosphorylates (adds one of its phospate groups, or -PO4, to) one of the amino acids that is part of the carrier molecule
Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies. Tubacin treatment enhanced cell death induced by topoisomerase II inhibitors etoposide and doxorubicin, and by the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA, in transformed cells (LNCaP, MCF-7), an effect not observed in normal cells (human foreskin fibroblast cells)
6 local train in Manhattan, Weill Cornell researcher Christopher Mason patiently rubbed a nylon swab back and forth along a metal handrail, collecting DNA in an effort to identify the bacteria in the New York City subway
Summary Watson and Crick were not the discoverers of DNA, but rather the first scientists to formulate an accurate description of this molecule's complex, double-helical structure. Using cardboard cutouts representing the individual chemical components of the four bases and other nucleotide subunits, Watson and Crick shifted molecules around on their desktops, as though putting together a puzzle
homeobox: Homeoboxes are relatively short (approximately 180 base pair) sequences of DNA, characteristic of some homeotic genes (which play a central role in controlling body development). (Less formally, according to Medawar's definition, a virus is "a piece of bad news wrapped in a protein.") vitamin A: A member of a chemically heterogeneous class of organic compounds that are essential, in small quantities, for life
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DNA from the Beginning - An animated primer of 75 experiments that made modern genetics.
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What is DNA? - Genetics Home Reference
The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA)
The animal kingdom is unique among eukaryotic organisms because most animal tissues are bound together in an extracellular matrix by a triple helix of protein known as collagen. The process of cell fractionation enables the scientist to prepare specific components, the mitochondria for example, in large quantities for investigations of their composition and functions
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