Oxidative Phosphorylation
Before we examine the details of ATP synthesis, we shall step back and look at the big picture by exploring the structure and function of the mitochondria, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Instead of two separate reactions where ATP loses a phosphate (Equation 3) and glycerol picks up a phosphate (Equation 2), the enzyme allows the phosphate to move directly from ATP to glycerol (Equation 4)
Bio 231 Cell Biology Laboratory Home Page
There are links for children through adults and teachers will find this a most desirable resource center for locating the aristocrats of internet science education projects. The BioNet Software Compendium This resource contains a lot of information, including, but not limited to, biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, and histology
Xenobiotic metabolism a series of enzymatic reactions that convert a foreign chemical compound into an inert substance that can be safely excreted from the body. HDL-cholesterol is considered "good cholesterol," because higher blood levels of HDL-cholesterol are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease
Microbiology - Notes for Exam 2: How much energy does fermentation ...
The final carrier in the chain donates the electrons and protons to the terminal electron acceptor Fai492 Answered in Microbiology - Notes for Exam 2 Electron transfer results in what, besides the proton motive force? The generation of a pH gradient across the membrane; the inside becomes electrically negative and alkaline, the outside electrically positive and acidic Fai492 Answered in Microbiology - Notes for Exam 2 What does ATP synthase (ATPase) do? It is a complex that converts the proton motive force into ATP using two components. It plays a key role in catabolism and biosynthesis Fai492 Answered in Microbiology - Notes for Exam 2 What is anaerobic respiration (in detail)? The use of electron acceptors other than oxygen
Cell Research - Mitochondrial H2O2 generated from electron transport chain complex I stimulates muscle differentiation
Furthermore, decreased ATP synthesis in mitochondria in response to rotenone and siRNAs against complex I subunits seemed to be compensated by increased glycolysis (Figure 9). The stimulatory effect of mH2O2 on muscle differentiation was observed in both H9c2 and P19CL6 EC cells, suggesting that diverse cells, including cardiac stem cells, require ROS generation at mETC complexes to fully differentiate
PICTURE endosymbiosis Theory that attempts to explain the origin of the DNA-containing mitochondria and chloroplasts in early eukaryotes by the engulfing of various types of bacteria that were not digested but became permanent additions to the ancestral "eukaryote". epithelial tissue Cells in animals that are closely packed in either single or multiple layers, and which cover both internal and external surfaces of the animal body
Cell Respiration: Introduction
Since most textbooks provide abundant details of the chemical reactions in respiration, this tutorial will focus on how the chemical energy in glucose is converted into ATP and where respiration occurs in the cell. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as fuels in cellular respiration, but glucose is most commonly used as an example to examine the reactions and pathways involved
In this case, carbon dioxide gets used to produce sugars in a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle, C4 photosynthesis, and crassulacean acid metabolism. There are a couple of ways this works in cells: -glycolysis, in which glucose is broken up into two subunits, called pyruvate, which creates two units of ATP per molecule of glucose
Electron Transport Chain - Chemwiki
Sign In Forgot Password Register username password If you like us, please share us on social media, tell your friends, tell your professor or consider building or adopting a Wikitext for your course. The driving force of the ETC is the fact that each electron carrier has a higher standard reduction potential than the one that it accepts electrons from
Cellular Respiration
This has strengthened the theory that mitochondria are the evolutionary descendants of a bacterium that established an endosymbiotic relationship with the ancestors of eukaryotic cells early in the history of life on earth. (Defects in either process can produce serious, even fatal, illness.) The Outer Membrane The outer membrane contains many complexes of integral membrane proteins that form channels through which a variety of molecules and ions move in and out of the mitochondrion
How many ATP molecules are produced by one molecule of glucose
The formation of ATP from ADP requires energy, thus ATP can be synthesized through the energy released by the splitting of a higher-energy phosphate molecule. Some high-energy phosphate molecules have a lower free energy of hydrolysis than ATP, meaning more energy is released by the removal of a phosphate group
and the Electron Transport chain yield? Toothguy80, 06.28.07, in forum: DAT Discussions Replies: 3 Views: 2,175 dentz 07.01.07 how many electron transport chains in mitochondrion? 113zami, 05.31.08, in forum: DAT Discussions Replies: 8 Views: 1,765 bigstix808 06.01.08 How many total ATP produced? Sea of ASH, 06.09.08, in forum: DAT Discussions Replies: 8 Views: 1,790 Sea of ASH 06.10.08 Electron transport chain themrn, 06.20.13, in forum: DAT Discussions Replies: 5 Views: 609 themrn 06.21.13 Loading... doc3232 Joined: 02.15.08 Messages: 3,811 Status: Dental Student Not to confuse even more, but some books say only 2.5 ATP are made from NADH and 1.5 ATP from FADH2...I think Princeton does this
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